RESUMO
Resumen: El presente estudio evaluó la efectividad de una intervención de video-feedback grupal en cuidadores chilenos de residencias de preescolares y lactantes que tenía como objetivo promover la respuesta sensible. La sensibilidad del adulto se ha asociado al desarrollo de apegos seguros por parte de los infantes a su cargo. Precisamente niñas y niños que crecen en un contexto residencial tienen muchas veces alterado el sistema de apego. El estudio comprendió una muestra de 14 cuidadores diurnos de la Fundación San José divididos en 4 grupos que recibieron cada uno 5 sesiones de video-feedback. Se encontraron diferencias significativas previo y posterior a la intervención en el puntaje de sensibilidad total, en la subescala de responsividad y en la de sintonía. Los resultados preliminares son prometedores considerando que es una intervención novedosa.
Abstract: The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a group video-feedback intervention aimed at Chilean caregivers of a preschool and infants orphanage that intended to enhance adult sensitivity. Adult sensitivity has been associated with the development of secure attachments in children. Nevertheless, infants that grow in an institutional setting tend to have insecure attachment patterns. The study included a sample of 14 caregivers of Fundación San José institution, which were divided in 4 groups each receiving 5 sessions of video-feedback. Differences were found between the general score of sensitivity and the subscales of responsivity and synchronicity before and after the intervention. These preliminary results are promising considering that it was the first time that a group video-feedback intervention had been applied in orphanage caregivers.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feedback FormativoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Research on women with the fragile-X premutation (FX-p) has been underrepresented within the field of behavioural phenotypes. AIMS: To understand whether the FX-p confers risk for autistic traits, depression and anxiety, independent of maternal status. METHOD: In study 1, mothers of children with fragile-X syndrome (M-FXp; n = 51, mean age 43 years (s.d. = 5.80)) were compared with mothers of autistic children (M-ASD; n = 59, mean age 42 (s.d. = 5.80)), mothers of children with Smith-Magenis syndrome (M-SMS; n = 27, mean age 39 (s.d. = 7.20)) and mothers of typically developing children (M-TD; n = 44, mean age 40 (s.d. = 4.90)). In study 2, the M-FXp group were compared with non-mothers with the FX-p (NM-FXp; n = 17, mean age 32 (s.d. = 9.20)), typically developed non-mothers (NM-TD; n = 28, mean age 31 (s.d. = 6.80)) and the M-TD group. All participants completed an online survey, including measures of IQ, autistic traits, anxiety, depression and positive affect. RESULTS: In study 1: the M-FXp group reported more autistic traits than the M-TD group (P < 0.05, η2 = 0.046). Anxiety and parental stress were elevated in the M-FXp, M-SMS and M-ASD groups relative to the M-TD group (all P ≤ 0.003, η2 = 0.079-0.322). In study 2: a main effect of premutation status indicated that women with the FX-p report elevated autistic traits and anxiety (P ≤ 0.007, η2 = 0.055-0.060); this did not interact with maternal status. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that women with the FX-p show an increased risk for autistic traits and anxiety. This risk is specific to the presence of the FX-p and is not fully accounted for by maternal status or the stress of caring for children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
